Who discovered breast cancer

All multicellular organisms may be affected or have the potential to be afflicted by cancer. Paleopathologists have observed cancerous lesions which occurred even in dinosaur bones long before the apparition of Homo sapiens. The ancient Egyptians observed the cancer in humans, and in the Edwin Smith papyrus, a glyph clearly refers clearly to a clinical cancer of the breast. Moreover, the autopsies of mummies have proven the existence of bone tumors and confirmed the probability of other cancerous processes.

By the era of Hippocrates in the 4 th century B.C., breast cancer was clinically recognized and described and Hippocrates considered that in many cases it was very important that one of his cardinal rules, Primum non nocere (first do no harm) be applied, since little could be done for the patient. Hippocrates establishes the use of the term carcinoma when referring to tumors "that spread and destroyed the patient "and advances a theory according to which cancer is determined by the excess of "black bile". Hippocrates (and after him many other doctors in the following 2000 years) tended not to treat the deep-seated or ulcerated cancers, because “if treated, the patients die quickly; but if not treated, they hold out for a long time.”

About six hundred years later, Galen makes another classification describing “tumors according to nature” (the normal enlargement of the breast with female maturation or during pregnancy and "tumors contrary to nature" (benign and malign tumors). Galen also was the one who suggested the slight similarity between a crab and cancer.

During the Middle Ages the medical practice has been dominated by the concepts of Galen and Hippocrate. The Renaissance and the 17th and the 18th century brought a new perspective on the disease. The “black bile” theory of the cause of cancer has been disputed by an increasing number of physicians (one of the most important being Ramazzini) and the surgery of neoplasms appeared. There were written treatises on mastectomies for breast cancer some of them mentioning the dissection of regional lymph nodes. Ramazzini also attributed the high prevalence of breast cancer among nuns to their celibate life. This observation withstood the test of time.

In the nineteenth century the medical community and the scientists began to study cancer systematically and intensively. The anatomist Bichat is the one who extended the principles of Galen. Bichat (1821) described the anatomy of many neoplasms and is the one who suggested that cancer was an “accidental formation” of tissue built up in the same way as any other portion of the organism. Seventeen years later, Johannes Müller extended these observations through the use of the microscope. Although the cellular theory was just being formulated and little was known about the cell at that time, Müller demonstrated independently that the cancer tissue was made up of cells. Rudolf Virchow (1863), a student of Muller extended our descriptive knowledge of cancer; he came up with a number of theories that were later disproved but he was the first one who pointed out a relation between chronic irritation and some cancers.

As major advances have been made in biology, many advances have been also made in the study of cancer. In 1829, Recamier introduced the term "metastases" in his work Recherces du Cancer and described clearly how cancer spreads by metastasis. Another important advance in cancer study was the demonstration by Waldeyer (1872) that the metastases were the result of the fact that some cells from primary cancers infiltrated lymphatic vessels.Other important advances in oncology were based on the work of Novinsky (1877), Doven and Shimkin (1970) .

Sugar VS Sweetener

Ever heard of sugar-free coke?Sugar free cake?Sugar free chocolate?.A sugar-free product does not means a healthy food.Although it sounds sugar-free means no sugar involves, but have you ever wonder why the product still taste sweet and good?That is what they called sweetener.Sugar-free products using sweetener instead of sugar.

Well, i have one bad news for you who thinks sugar free products is good.Studies had found that sweeteners can cause weight gain.You actually tricking your body into thinking it's getting something it isn't, you might end up feeling that you needed more energy and your body natural reaction to sugar foods (for example producing insulin) may be affected.So, you choose between these two, sugar or sweeteners?

How to live a healthy life

A simple question asked, how to live a healthy life?Some said, eat good food avoid bad food.In another words, get a good and stable diet.But some also said, the key to a healthy is exercises.But no matter what people been saying,to live a healthy life need a lot of combination.It might sounds easy, if we put it together it will goes something like don't smoke, eats healthy food and do exercises.Is healthy life is that simple?Of course!

The truth is, people forget that some small changes will brings a lot of benefits to our health.For an instance, having an extra glass of water, eat more cereal and fruits,green vegetables, and a lot more.Small-small things like this, people always take for granted and failed to follow into their daily life for a better healthy life.

On exercises, you don't have to go to gym everyday.Neither to run a 5KM marathon every evening.Like i said, small things will bring a lot of changes to our health.The word is, movement!Yes, people nowadays so lazy to move.A simple movement, like switch on tv, do some chores, gardening , walking and many more.Human body needs a movement in order to burn those lazy unhealthy calories.So, move more  to live a healthy life!

Healthy life:How to reduce indoor air pollution

From levels "dangerous" of several volatile organic compounds, some plants were found to reduce contamination to undetectable levels within 24 hours.

It has been shown that many times the indoor air is contaminated. And it is almost certainly inside your house or your job where you spend more hours throughout the day.

Many materials emit volatile organic compounds that pollute the air we breathe in our home or in our work. These materials can be found in carpets, upholstery, plastics, synthetic fibers ... This is in addition to chemical contamination of cleaners, insecticides, adhesives, paints and varnishes ... In fact, if the nose closer to many things we can perceive the smell of some of these substances harmful to our health. By separating the nose, these odors are so scattered that may not be noticed but still there albeit in smaller concentrations.

A 1990 study by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency of the U.S. government) concluded that this "indoor pollution" is one of 11 major environmental problems. Moreover, this same study shows that the public has no concern enough for this type of pollution and, however, does have other more powerful types of contamination, such as "oil spills, which are not explicitly EPA's list, but may be included in the section "habitat alteration. We must clarify that although oil spills cause serious damage to ecosystems, this form of pollution is an insignificant cause of the amount of hydrocarbons that pollute the seas and not get in the news when they occur. We refer, for example, to the work of "cleansing" that make hundreds of sea vessels illegally pouring large amounts of contaminants, without the rulers do not permit. It is interesting to note that of the 13 greatest concerns of citizenship only 3 are on the EPA list. This reveals that the environmental concerns of society at large is unaware of the greatest dangers, but perhaps only the most striking.

The solution to pollution indoors to avoid breathing polluted air, is easier than it looks (see Book of Nebel / Wright: Bill Wolverton, an environmental engineer at NASA studied the early seventies the problem of maintaining clean and healthy air in spacecraft. She began studying domestic plants and were much better than they had expected. From level "dangerous" of several volatile organic compounds, Wolverton found that some plants reduce contamination to undetectable levels in 24 hours. Two of the most effective were the cleome and philodendron (Philodendron, genus with over 250 species of ornamental aroid family), which are also among domestic plants that are easier to care for: tolerate almost any condition lighting, watering just 1 or 2 times per week, are resistant to pests and have no flowers to cause allergies. Also, are planted with ease: the philodendron cuttings and stolons numerous cleome of casting.

We can thus say that indoor plants clean the air we breathe. In particular, they are very easy to care for almost all of the family of the Araceae (Philodendron, Pothos, SYNGONIUM, regel, Monstera, Dieffenbachia, Caladium, Aglaonema ...). For internet you can find much information on indoor plants.

Put plants in your life and give them as gifts, it seems a good motto to breathe better. Put plants in your home and workplace, it is where more time is spent. In addition, plants absorb CO2, so it is also a slight remedy for other types of pollution. You can also make your windows or patio for plants to exploit solar energy to grow or may even grow a garden. Although many people seem strange, it is possible to grow tomatoes and other vegetables in pot. If you do not want to devote much time to look after them locate species requiring little care, depending on the weather where they live. For example, in dry climates and Crassula cacti are very hardy and require almost no care.

Can compost as manure home, if you have that possibility. Moreover, the leaves do not throw it away, it is advisable to split them and throw them into the ground. The bird droppings are also very adequate because they do not emit odors. In general, chemical fertilizers pollute far (not only where they are used but also where they occur).

We can not close this article without saying that care plants and planting trees is an educational and cultural benefit to children and adults, as well as increasing our sensitivity to nature, and of those around us.

Herbs for Health, Love, Prosperity and Protection

Herbs have been a source of healing, purification or spiritual significance in ancient civilizations in our tradition and in everyday life.
Today is a supplementary source of nutrition in maintaining the proper functioning of the body and good health.

These herbs are extracted from old grimoires that were passed from hand to hand, but have the advantage of being found in places accessible to anyone.

This small table we have only divided into four different factors, which are very important for everyone, as they tour in most human desires:

HEALTH:

Peppermint, Sarsaparilla, Eucalyptus, Verbena, Willow, Wormwood, Horehound, Basil.

FOR PROSPERITY:

Tan, Capullo in Ulan, Red Clover, Squill, Horse Chestnut, Apple, Potentilla, pine needles.

FOR THE LOVE:

Lavender, Laurel, myrtle, Romero, vanilla, juniper berries and Nalusia.

FOR PROTECTION:

Boldo Leaves, Soapstone, Garlic, Mandrake Root Oil, Vetiver powder, saffron, asparagus root.

We must be noted that these plants and roots will not be used in potions or any form of oral, although some are well known, but that must be like the ancients did, in his "Taurs" or bags around their necks, wallet, purse or pocket or anywhere else, but near the body, to thus obtain a protection and a trend factor that you want done.

The "roses of Peru" instantaneous coal burned in homes are used to purify, especially when we have had "views" inappropriate, or Alchemilla, also known by Piel de Leon, who can give value to not have it, and enforces the that is weak.

The 12 steps to a healthy lifestyle by Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci was not only a great artist and a great engineer, he also take great interest in cooking and human habits. This led him to research the topic and create a set of rules to follow in order to achieve a healthy lifestyle.

Via Digg I know the work of Dave Dewitt researcher on culture and culinary history who conducted extensive research on the creations of the genius of Florence in the kitchen. The following compilation lists the steps that Leonardo considered necessary for a healthy life.

1 .- Do not eat when not hungry, eat light.
2 .- Chew well, and anything you ingest that is well cooked and is simple ingredients.
3 .- The taking drugs is wrong warned.
4 .- Beware of anger and dirty air.
5 .- Stay up for a while after eating.
6 .- Be sure not to sleep at noon.
7 .- Let your wine be mixed with water, making little and often. Not between meals, not on an empty stomach.
8 .- Do not delay or prolong your visit to the toilet.
9 .- If you exercise it is not excessive.
10 .- Do not you lie down with your stomach and your head up and down.
11 .- Cover well at night, with your head and your mind happy restful.
12 .- Etude be compulsory to stay on this diet.

List published in the book entitled Dewitt: Da Vinci's Kitchen: A Secret History of Italian Cuisine

Leonardo and plastic ...
Indeed, Leonardo was also the inventor of the plastic. Alessandro Vezzosi, director of the Museo Ideale in Vinci, followed the instructions left by Leonardo in his writings and came to be a kind of natural plastic Polychromatic:

[Go to the source PlastUnivers]
Vezzosi followed Leonardo's instructions and applied the colors mixed with vegetable or animal glues. He then painted the materials described by Leonardo with many layers. When the material is dried, he removed it and obtained a material similar to bakelite, a plastic that was discovered in early 1900.

"We must be patient and wait until each layer of color dry completely. We used pigments similar to those applied by Leonardo. They ranged from traditional oil painting to all types of organic materials, "Vezzosi said.

The successful reproduction of Leonardo's natural polychrome plastic proved that the Florentine genius created the first man-made plastic long before Alexander Parkes invented parkesine (an organic material derived from cellulose) in 1862 and succeeded Leo Hendrik Baekeland's bakelite in 1909.

"Leonardo created a material between natural and chemical plastic. In fact, he had synthesized a chemical very similar to acetone. But in his experiments he always used non-toxic, organic, "Vezzosi said.

Leonardo's polychrome mixtures were so similar to phenolic resin that could be used to make knife handles, salt cellars, packaging, and collars. His monochrome mixtures could be used to make cups or glasses that were broken when he fell to the floor.

Professor Alessandro Bagno, the department of organic chemistry at the University of Padova, said it was interesting that da Vinci used layers to create unbreakable objects.

"In the case of oil painting, for example, the solvent agent is linseed oil. This oil polymerizes slowly on contact with air, forming a polymer resistant, waterproof, similar to linoleum.

This demonstrates once more the high capability of innovation of Leonardo, although the situation was that his work would be without knowledge and knowledge were not added at that time in history to human knowledge.

Is the Mozart Effect helps babies?

The famous Mozart effect in children is mainly focused on the development of IQ, but according to an Israeli study, the melodies of Mozart could stimulate the metabolism of premature infants, and this could help them gain weight.Is that really true?